Power of conviction by courts न्यायालयों द्वारा दी जाने वाली सजा की शक्ति

 

U;k;ky;ksa }kjk nh tkus okyh ltk dh 'kfä

 

1- loksZPp U;k;ky;& dkuwu }kjk vfèk—r dksà Hkh ltkA

 

2- mPp U;k;ky; & lhvkjihlh }kjk vfèk—r dksà Hkh ltkA

 

3- l= U;k;kèkh'k] vfrfjä l= U;k;kèkh'k & dkuwu }kjk vfèk—r dksà Hkh ltk] ekSr dh ltk] gkykafd] mPp U;k;ky; }kjk iqf"V ds vèkhu gS 28@¼2½ lh0 vkj0 ih0 lh0

 

4- lgk;d l= U;k;kèkh'k & 10 o"kZ rd dkjkokl vkSj ;k tqekZukA

 

5- eq[; U;kf;d eftLVªsV] eq[; esVªksi‚fyVu eftLVªsV & 7 lky rd dkjkokl ;k tqekZukA Cr-P-C Sec 29¼1½¼4½A

 

6- U;kf;d eftLVªsV çFke Js.kh] esVªksi‚fyVu eftLVªsV & 3 o"kZ rd dkjkokl ;k # 10]000 rd tqekZukA Cr-P-C ds Sec 29¼2½ rgrA

 

7- U;kf;d eftLVªsV f}rh; Js.kh & 1 o"kZ rd dkjkokl ;k # 5000 rd tqekZukA

 

fu"d"kZ ¼Conclusion½

loksZPp U;k;ky; ns'k dk loksZPp U;k;ky; gSA ;g Hkkjr ds lafoèkku }kjk LFkkfir gSA ;g vihy dk loksZPp U;k;ky; gSA Hkkjrh; laoSèkkfud ;kstuk ds vuqlkj] mPp U;k;ky; jkT; esa U;k; ds iwjs ç'kklu ds fy, ftEesnkj gSA

 

lafoèkku ds vuqPNsn 236 ds rgr U;kf;d lsok dk xBu djus okys bu ijh{k.kksa ds vkèkkj ij Je U;k;ky; ds U;k;kèkh'k vkSj vkS|ksfxd U;k;ky; ds U;k;kèkh'k U;kf;d lsok ls lacafèkr gks ldrs gSaA Je U;k;ky; ds U;k;kèkh'kksa ds ekeys esa ekuk tkus okyk inkuqØe Je U;k;ky; ds U;k;kèkh'kksa vkSj vkS|ksfxd U;k;ky; ds U;k;kèkh'kksa dk inkuqØe gS] ftlesa vkS|ksfxd U;k;ky; ds U;k;kèkh'k ftyk U;k;kèkh'kksa dh Js"B fLFkfr j[krs gSaA vuqPNsn 227 ds rgr Je U;k;ky;ksa dks mPp U;k;ky;ksa dh 'kfä ds vèkhu Hkh j[kk x;k gSA

 

Jh dqekj in~e çlkn cuke Hkkjr la?k ¼¼1992½ 2 SCC 428½ ds ekeys esa 'kh"kZ U;k;ky; bl ij fopkj dj jgk Fkk fd D;k fofèkd fjesEczsuj&de&lsØsVjh ¼dkuwu vkSj U;kf;d½ vkSj mik;qä ds lgk;d ds vuq:i çFke Js.kh U;kf;d eftLVªsV] mPp U;k;ky; ds U;k;kèkh'k ds :i esa fu;qfä ds ç;kstuksa ds fy, ,d U;kf;d dk;kZy; dk lapkyu dj jgs FksA

 

,pvkj nsc ¼AIR 1968 SC 1495½ ds ekeys esa] lqçhe dksVZ us U;kf;d dk;kZy; vkSj U;kf;d lsok ds chp varj ij fopkj fd;k vkSj dgk fd U;kf;d dk;kZy; U;kf;d dk;ks± ds fuoZgu ls vfèkd dk ladsr nsrk gSA okD;ka'k ;g crkrk gS fd ;g ,d dk;kZy; gS vkSj og dk;kZy; eq[; :i ls U;kf;d gSA

 

Power To Punish By Courts

 

1.   Supreme Court - Any sentence authorized by law.

 

2.   High Court - Any punishment authorized by CRPC.

 

3.    Sessions Judge, Additional Sessions Judge - Any sentence authorized by law, capital punishment, however, is subject to confirmation by the High Court. 28 / (2) CRPC

 

4.    Assistant Sessions Judge - Imprisonment up to 10 years and or fine.

 

5.    Chief Judicial Magistrate, Chief Metropolitan Magistrate - Imprisonment or fine up to 7 years. Cr.P.C Sec 29 (1) (4).

 

6.    Judicial Magistrate First Class, Metropolitan Magistrate - imprisonment for 3 years or fine up to Rs 10,000. Under Sec 29 (2) of Cr.P.C.

 

7.    Judicial Magistrate Second Class - Imprisonment up to 1 year or fine up to Rs 5000.

 

Conclusion

The Supreme Court is the highest court of the country. It is established by the Constitution of India. It is the Supreme Court of Appeal. According to the Indian constitutional scheme, the High Court is responsible for the entire administration of justice in the state.

 

Judges of the Labor Court and Judges of the Industrial Court may belong to the Judicial Service on the basis of these tests constituting judicial service under Article 236 of the Constitution. The hierarchy considered in the case of labor court judges is the hierarchy of labor court judges and industrial court judges, with industrial court judges holding the superior status of district judges. Labor Courts have also been placed under the power of High Courts under Article 227.

 

In the case of Shri Kumar Padma Prasad v. Union of India [(1992) 2 SCC 428], the apex court was considering whether a first class judicial magistrate, in conformity with the legal remunerator-cum-secretary (law and judicial) and assistant to the deputy commissioner, Was operating a judicial office for the purposes of appointment as a Judge of the High Court.

 

In the case of HR Deb (AIR 1968 SC 1495), the Supreme Court considered the difference between the judicial office and the judicial service and held that the judicial office indicates more than the discharge of judicial functions. The phrase suggests that it is an office and that office is primarily judicial.